Findings & Trends


Bringing Managers Back In

Employees advance less well when the managers evaluating them do not share the same race or gender. The managers tend to disagree more (though only slightly) in how they evaluate the employee’s performance. These small differences in evaluation have significant consequences for the promotion and pay gaps in the firm over time.

Castilla, Emilio J. 2011. “Bringing Managers Back In: Managerial Influences on Workplace Inequality.” American Sociological Review 76(5): 667-94.

Culture Of Consumerism

The Global Dispatch

The Global Dispatch